Avaliação da gravidade dos sinais e sintomas da COVID-19 em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica / Assessment of the severity of signs and symptoms of COVID-19 in patients undergoing bariatric surgery / Evaluación de la gravedad de los signos y sintomas de COVID-19 em pacientes sometidos a cirurgía bariátrica

Objetivo: Avaliar a gravidade e a incidência dos sinais e sintomas da COVID-19 em pacientes bariátricos, relacionando-os ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a outros fatores considerados de risco para a doença.Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário eletrônico e a avaliação da gravidade dos sinais e sintomas da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 foi realizada seguindo o manual "Orientações para manejo de pacientes com covid-19", do Ministério de Saúde do Brasil. Resultados: um total de 60 pacientes foram incluídos. Dos participantes, 60% apresentaram sintomas graves e a fadiga foi o sintoma mais frequente (90%). A análise mostrou uma associação significativa entre a presença de tosse e a condição de sobrepeso/obesidade (OR=3,720; IC=1,060­13,050; p=0,034). Além disso, apenas 6,7% foram hospitalizados, sem casos de intubação, todos com sobrepeso/obesidade (OR=1,333; IC=1,114­1,554). Conclusão:apesar de uma alta taxa de pacientes categorizados com sinais e sintomas graves, verificou-se uma baixa necessidade de internação hospitalar e ventilação mecânica não invasiva. Isso sugere que a perda de peso e a melhora das comorbidades pós-cirurgia podem contribuir para um risco reduzido de hospitalização em casos de infecção por COVID-19

Objective: To assess the severity and incidence of COVID-19 signs and symptoms in bariatric patients, relating them to body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors for the disease. Method:This is a cross-sectional study. Patients completed an electronic questionnaire, and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection signs and symptoms was assessed following the "Guidelines for the management of COVID-19 patients" by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results:A total of 60 patients were included. Among the participants, 60% presented with severe symptoms, with fatigue being the most frequent symptom (90%). The analysis showed a significant association between the presence of cough and the condition of overweight/obesity (OR=3.720; CI=1.060­13.050; p=0.034). Moreover, only 6.7% were hospitalized, with no cases requiring intubation, all within the overweight/obesity subgroup (OR=1.333; CI=1.114­1.554).Conclusion: Despite a high rate of patients categorized with severe signs and symptoms, there was a low need for hospital admission and non-invasive mechanical ventilation. This suggests that weight loss and improvement of comorbidities post-surgery may contribute to a reduced risk of hospitalization in COVID-19 infection case.

Objetivo: Evaluar la gravedad y la incidencia de los signos y síntomas de COVID-19 en pacientes bariátricos, relacionándolos con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y otros factores de riesgo para la enfermedad. Metodo:Se trata de un estudio transversal. Los pacientescompletaron un cuestionario electrónico, y la gravedad de los signos y síntomas de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 se evaluó siguiendo las "Guías para el manejo de pacientes con COVID-19" del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Resultados:Se incluyó un total de 60 pacientes. Entre los participantes, el 60% presentó síntomas severos, siendo la fatiga el síntoma más frecuente (90%). El análisis mostró una asociación significativa entre la presencia de tos y la condición de sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=3.720; IC=1.060­13.050; p=0.034). Además, solo el 6.7% fueron hospitalizados, sin casos que requirieran intubación, todos dentro del subgrupo de sobrepeso/obesidad (OR=1.333; IC=1.114­1.554). Conclusión:A pesar de una alta tasa de pacientes clasificados con signos y síntomasseveros, hubo una baja necesidad de admisión hospitalaria y ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Esto sugiere que la pérdida de peso y la mejora de las comorbilidades postoperatorias pueden contribuir a un riesgo reducido de hospitalización en casos de infección por COVID-19

Initial Muscle Quality Affects Individual Responsiveness of Interleukin-6 and Creatine Kinase following Acute Eccentric Exercise in Sedentary Obese Older Women.

This study aimed to evaluate the time course and responsiveness of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and creatine kinase (CK) levels following acute eccentric resistance exercise in sedentary obese older women with a different muscle quality index (MQI). Eighty-eight participants (69.4 ± 6.06 years) completed an acute eccentric resistance exercise (7 sets of 10 repetitions at 110% of 10-repetition maximum with 3 min rest interval). Participants were divided into two groups: high or low MQI according to 50th percentile cut-off. The responsiveness was based on minimal clinical important difference. There were no differences between groups and time on IL-6 and CK levels (p > 0.05). However, the high MQI group displayed a lower proportion of low responders (1 for laboratory and 2 for field-based vs. 5 and 4) and a higher proportion of high responders for IL-6 (7 for laboratory and 6 for field-based vs. 4 and 5) compared to low MQI group. In addition, the high MQI group showed a higher proportion of high responders for CK (11 for laboratory and 9 for field-based vs. 6 and 6) compared to low MQI. A prior MQI screening can provide feedback to understand the magnitude response. Individual responsiveness should be taken into consideration for maximizing eccentric exercise prescription.

Actn3 gene polymorphism and factors associated with functional performance in elderly women assisted in primary health care / Polimorfismo do gene actn3 e os fatores associados ao desempenho funcional de idosas atendidas na atenção primária em saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze potential influences of the R/X genetic polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene, as well as of anthropometric and metabolic characteristics on the functional performance of elderly women assisted in primary health care. Method: One hundred and forty-one elderly women were assessed in terms of anthropometric, metabolic and functional aspects, in addition to clinical, cognitive and demographic characteristics. Allele and genotype frequencies of ACTN3 gene polymorphism were determined. Results: 141 elderly women (68.30 ± 6.18 years) were evaluated. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the RR and RX/XX genotypes in the elderly women's functional performance, anthropometric or metabolic characteristics. The TUG test completion time showed positive correlations with age, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat percentage (s = 0.315; p < 0.001; s = 0.238; p = 0.005; s = 0.174; p = 0.039; s = 0.207; p = 0.014), respectively. Negative correlations were found between the TUG test with absolute handgrip strength (s = - 0.314; p < 0.001) and relative handgrip strength (s = - 0.380; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In our study, there were no influences from ACTN3 gene polymorphisms on the functional performance of the elderly women, which is influenced by other factors.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as potenciais influências do polimorfismo genético R/X do gene ACTN3 e das características antropométricas e metabólicas no desempenho funcional de mulheres idosas atendidas na atenção primária em saúde. Método: Cento e quarenta e uma idosas foram avaliadas em relação as características antropométricas, metabólicas, funcionais, aspectos clínicos, cognitivos e demográficos. Foram determinadas as frequências de alelos e genótipos do polimorfismo do gene ACTN3. Resultados: 141 idosas (68,30 ± 6,18 anos) foram avaliadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) entre os genótipos RR e RX/XX no desempenho funcional, características antropométricas ou metabólicas das idosas. O tempo de realização do TUG apresentou correlações positivas com idade, índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e percentual de gordura (s = 0,315; p < 0,001; s = 0,238; p = 0,005; s = 0,174; p = 0,039; s = 0,207; p = 0,014) respectivamente. Correlações negativas foram observadas entre o TUG com força de preensão manual absoluta (s = - 0,314; p < 0,001) e relativa (s = - 0,380; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Em nosso estudo, não foram observadas influências dos polimorfismos do gene ACTN3 no desempenho funcional das idosas, sendo este, influenciado por outros fatores.

Comparative evaluation of inflammatory parameters and substitute insulin resistance indices in elderly women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of inflammatory parameters and substitute insulin resistance indices on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) development in elderly women, as well as to compare anthropometric measures and metabolic parameters according to the presence of type 2 DM and HbA1c levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty elderly women (67.9 ± 6.0 years) were submitted to anthropometric analysis, determination of inflammatory and metabolic parameters. They also underwent indices of lipid accumulation product (LAP), high density triglyceride/lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), as well as TyG by body mass index (BMI) ratio (TyG-BMI) assessment. RESULTS: Body mass index, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2, blood glucose, TG, LAP, TG/HDL, TyG and TyG-BMI were significantly higher in elderly women with DM compared to non-diabetic women. LAP ≥ 55.4 (OR = 2.29; P = .027); TyG ≥ 8.8 (OR = 3.52; P < .001) and TyG-BMI ≥ 264.8 (OR = 3.54; P = .001) were identified as risk factors for DM. CONCLUSION: High pro-inflammatory parameters, low levels of anti-inflammatory markers and higher levels of substitute insulin resistance indices are risk predictors for DM development in elderly women in primary health care.

Obese elderly with diabetes experience more pain and reduced quality of life compared to obese elderly with hypertension.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Growth of elderly population is a worldwide phenomenon that impacts public health. The objective of this study was to compare the pain levels, strength, and quality of life among elderly obese with diabetes or hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study cohort comprised 52 obese elderly subjects with hypertension (n = 35) and diabetes (n = 17). The parameters measured were anthropometric features, handgrip strength, visual analog scale for pain, and quality of life using the World Health Organization questionnaire. RESULTS: The level of pain reported by obese hypertensive elderly subjects (5.3 ± 3.4) was lower than reported by obese diabetic elderly subjects (7.4 ± 2.4). Obese hypertensive elderly scored higher on quality of life (sensory functioning and past, present, and future [PPF] activities) than obese diabetic elderly. No differences were observed for the other parameters. Strength, pain, anthropometrics, and hemodynamics were not correlated to quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Obese elderly diabetics exhibit worse pain scores, sensorial abilities, and PPF activities than obese hypertensive elderly individuals. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS: The difference in pain and quality of life aspects between obese elderly individuals with hypertension and diabetes should be accounted for in health-care programs designed for these individuals.

The effect of muscle damage and the il-6-174c/g polymorphism on the serum il-6 levels of older men / O efeito do dano muscular e do polimorfismo il-6-174c/g nos níveis séricos de il-6 de homens idosos / El efecto del daño muscular y del polimorfismo il-6 -174c/g en los niveles séricos de il-6 en hombres ancianos

ABSTRACT Introduction Fast population aging is a global reality. Today's major challenge is to promote the healthy aging of more and more people by acting on factors that can be modified, such as physical exercise. Regular exercise could contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases associated with aging. Research has been conducted on the physical training response of elderly individuals, but there is not yet any consensus on the influence of strength training or IL-6 polymorphism on levels of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and muscle damage marker CK, particularly in healthy elderly male individuals. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of IL-6 promoter -174 C/G gene polymorphism on systemic IL-6 responses and muscle damage after eccentric strength training in elderly men. Methods This is a prospective, high-quality study. Gene frequency of polymorphism of promoter gene IL6 G-174C was identified using the Hardy-Weinberg test in 28 older male volunteers. The relationships of each genotype with IL-6 and CK serum levels were analyzed. CK and IL-6 levels were determined at pre-training and 0h, 3h, 24h, and 48h post-training periods. Results Differences in baseline and post-training IL-6 levels of genotypic groups were observed for all time periods analyzed (p = 0.029). Eccentric exercise efficiently reduced post-intervention muscle damage, thus showing a statistical difference between the pre- and post-intervention time points ( p = <0.0005). Conclusion Eccentric training influenced CK and IL-6 modulation independently of the polymorphism of the IL-6 promoter gene -174 C/G. Level of evidence II, Prospective comparative type.

RESUMO Introdução O rápido envelhecimento populacional é uma realidade global. O principal desafio atual é promover o envelhecimento saudável de cada vez mais pessoas, atuando em fatores que podem ser modificados, como por exemplo, o exercício físico. O exercício regular pode contribuir com a prevenção de doenças crônicas associadas ao envelhecimento. Pesquisas foram realizadas quanto às respostas dos idosos ao treinamento físico, mas ainda não há nenhum consenso sobre a influência do treinamento de força ou do polimorfismo da IL-6 sobre os níveis dos marcadores inflamatórios como a IL-6 e a creatina quinase (CK) como marcadores do dano muscular, principalmente, em homens saudáveis e idosos. Objetivos O objetivo do presente estudo consistia em avaliar a relação do polimorfismo do gene promotor IL-6 -174 C/G sobre as respostas sistêmicas de IL-6 e danos musculares após o treinamento de força excêntrica em homens idosos. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo de alta qualidade. A frequência de polimorfismo do gene promotor IL6 G-174C foi identificada ao utilizar o teste de Hardy-Weinberg em 28 homens idosos voluntários. As relações de cada genótipo com os níveis séricos de IL-٦ e CK foram analisadas. Os níveis de CK e IL-٦ foram determinados no pré-treinamento e 0h, 3h, 24h e 48h pós-treinamento. Resultados Foram observadas diferenças nos níveis de IL6 basais e pós -treinamento dos grupos genotípicos em todos os períodos analisados (p=0,029). O exercício excêntrico reduziu eficientemente os danos musculares pós-intervenção, apresentando uma diferença estatística entre os pontos de tempo pré e pós-intervenção (p= <0,0005). Conclusão O treinamento excêntrico influenciou a modulação de CK e IL-6 independentemente do polimorfismo do gene promotor IL-6 -174 C/G. Nível de evidência II, Estudo prospectivo comparativo.

RESUMEN Introducción El rápido envejecimiento poblacional es una realidad global. El principal desafío actual es promover el envejecimiento saludable de cada vez más personas, actuando en factores que pueden ser modificados, como por ejemplo, el ejercicio físico. El ejercicio regular puede contribuir con la prevención de enfermedades crónicas asociadas al envejecimiento. Fueron realizadas investigaciones sobre las respuestas de los ancianos al entrenamiento físico, pero aún no hay consenso sobre la influencia del entrenamiento de fuerza o del polimorfismo de IL-6 sobre los niveles de los marcadores inflamatorios, como IL-6 y la creatina quinasa (CK) como marcadores del daño muscular, principalmente en hombres saludables y ancianos. Objetivos El objetivo del presente estudio consistía en evaluar la relación del polimorfismo del gen promotor IL-6-174 C/G sobre las respuestas sistémicas de IL-6 y daños musculares después de entrenamiento de fuerza excéntrica en hombres ancianos. Métodos Se trata de un estudio prospectivo de alta calidad. La frecuencia de polimorfismo del gen promotor IL6 G-174C fue identificada al utilizar el test de Hardy-Weinberg en 28 hombres ancianos voluntarios. Se analizaron las relaciones de cada genotipo con los niveles séricos de IL-6 y CK. Los niveles de CK e IL-6 fueron determinados en pre entrenamiento y 0h, 3h, 24h y 48h post entrenamiento. Resultados Se observaron diferencias en los niveles de IL6 basales y post entrenamiento de los grupos genotípicos en todos los períodos analizados (p = 0,029). El ejercicio excéntrico redujo eficientemente los daños musculares post intervención, presentando una diferencia estadística entre los puntos de tiempo pre y post intervención (p = <0,0005). Conclusión El entrenamiento excéntrico influenció la modulación de CK e IL-6 independientemente del polimorfismo del gen promotor IL-6 -174 C/G. Nivel de evidencia II - Estudio prospectivo comparativo.

Fatores associados aos hábitos alimentares e ao sedentarismo em idosos com obesidade / Factors associated with eating habits and sedentary life style in the obese elderly

Objetivo: Avaliar os índices antropométricos e a composição corporal, bem como identificar os fatores associados aos hábitos alimentares e ao sedentarismo em idosos com obesidade. Método: Este estudo transversal foi realizado com 206 idosos com obesidade que foram avaliados com o inquérito domiciliar e avaliação da atividade física com o International Physical Activity Questionnaries (IPAQ) na Unidade de Saúde com medidas antropométricas e impedância elétrica com o aparelho Biodynamics. Considerou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para avaliar a diferença entre proporções. Teste t independente foi utilizado para comparar médias. Adotou-se p < 0,05 como significância. Resultados: Dos 206 idosos avaliados, (n = 122) eram do sexo feminino (59,2%) e (n = 84) do sexo masculino (40,8%). Os dados gerais da amostra estudada referentes às características demográficas indicaram que 35,9% possuem entre 60 a 65 anos, 55,8% são casados, 51,4% têm renda de até dois salários mínimos, 80,6% não tem controle/restrição alimentar, 82,5% não são tabagistas, 62,6% não ingerem bebida alcoólica, 93,2% são sedentários, 57,3% não tem atividade de lazer e 41,3% possuem em média um a quatro anos de estudo. Em relação aos hábitos alimentares, foram associados o sexo com consumo de verduras (p = 0,009), escolaridade com consumo de frutas (p = 0,041) e verduras (p = 0,006) e o estado civil com dieta (p = 0,046) e consumo de frutas (p = 0,043). Os fatores associados ao sedentarismo em idosos com obesidade foram sexo (p = 0,031), renda (p = 0,002) e tabagismo (p < 0,000). Conclusão: Conhecer tal realidade também é importante para o mapeamento dos serviços de saúde e planejamento de intervenções.

Objective: to evaluate anthropometric measurement and body composition, as well as to identify factors associated with eating habits and sedentary lifestyle in the elderly. Method: this cross-sectional study was conducted with 206 obese elderly, assessed with a household survey and physical activity assessment with the International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) at the Health Unit with anthropometric measurements and electrical impedance with the Biodynamic appliance. Pearson's chi-square test was considered to evaluate the difference between proportions. Independent t-test was used to compare means. It was adopted p < 0.05 as significance. Results: of the 206 elderly evaluated, (n = 122) were female (59.2%), and (n = 84) were male (40.8%). The general data of the studied sample regarding demographic characteristics indicated that 35.9% are between 60 and 65 years old, 55.8% are married, 51.4% have an income of up to 2 minimum wages, 80.6% have no control/food restriction, 82.5% are non-smokers, 62.6% do not drink alcohol, 93.2% are sedentary, 57.3% have no leisure activity and 41.3% have on average 1 to 4 years of schooling. Regarding eating habits, it was associated the gender with vegetable consumption (p = 0.009), education with fruit consumption (p = 0.041) and vegetables (p = 0.006) and marital status with diet (p = 0.046) and dietary intake with fruits (p = 0.043). Factors associated with physical inactivity in the obese elderly were gender (p = 0.031), income (p = 0.002) and smoking (p < 0.000). Conclusion: Knowing this reality is also important for health service mapping and intervention planning.

Comparison of the acute effects of traditional versus high velocity resistance training on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of traditional resistance training (RT) versus high velocity RT (HVRT) on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women. METHODS: Fifteen elderly women (mean age ± standard deviation, 67.1±6.9 years) classified as having hypertension stage 1 or 2 were randomly allocated to complete traditional RT or HVRT; 1 week later, subjects allocated to RT completed the HVRT session and vice-versa. Heart rate, blood pressure, affective response, perceived effort, and blood samples analyzing lactate, nitrate, nitrite, oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) collected before and after training sessions were assessed. Nutritional counseling was provided regarding nutrients that could affect cardiovascular and nitrate/nitrite analysis. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 30 minutes after sessions. Diastolic blood pressure, rate pressure product, and heart rate were not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 45 minutes after sessions. Nitric oxide was significantly higher (p<0.0005) for HVRT compared to RT after 30 minutes of exercise. TBARS and TEAC were significantly higher (p<0.05) for HVRT compared with RT only immediately after exercise. There were no differences for psychophysiological variables between protocols. CONCLUSION: The acute cardiovascular and metabolic responses, including oxidative stress, are transient and within normal values. Taken together with the positive affective responses, both HVRT and RT with this intensity and volume seem to be safe for elderly hypertensive women under medication.

Aptidão física de idosas no treinamento de força em academia, em praças e institucionalizadas / Fitness for elderly in strength training academy, in squares and institutionalized

O envelhecimento é um processo fisiológico, que atinge todos os indivíduos e expressa o declínio de determinadas capacidades ao logo do tempo. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a aptidão física de mulheres idosas praticantes de treinamento de força em academias, praticantes de exercícios físicos em praças institucionalizadas e sedentárias. Participaram do presente estudo 122 mulheres idosas (68 ± 6,3 anos). As participantes foram classificadas de acordo com a atividade que praticavam. Todas foram submetidas aos testes desenvolvidos pela American Aliance For Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) de capacidade aeróbia (CA), agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico (AGIL), resistência e força (RESIFOR), sentar e alcançar para flexibilidade (FLEX) e força de preensão manual (FPM). Os testes RESIFOR, CA e AGIL apresentaram diferença significativa somente de G3, comparado a G1 e G2. Enquanto que para FLEX, G1 apresentou melhores níveis significativos de Flexibilidade comparados a G2 e G3. E a FPM também foi significativamente maior para G1, comparados a G2 e G3. As mulheres idosas praticantes de treinamento de força em academia demonstraram ter melhor aptidão física do que mulheres idosas praticantes de exercícios em praças institucionalizadas e mulheres idosas sedentárias residentes em asilos.(AU)

Aging is a physiological process that affects all individuals and expresses the decline of certain capabilities to the right time. The aim of this study was to compare the physical fitness of elderly women who practice strength training in gyms, physical exercise practitioners in squares institutionalized and sedentary. The study included 122 older women (68 ± 6.3 years). Participants were classified according to the activity practiced. All were subjected to the tests developed by the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education , Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) aerobic capacity (AC), agility and dynamic balance (AGIL), endurance and strength (RESIFOR) , sit and reach for flexibility (FLEX) and handgrip strength (FPM). Tests RESIFOR, CA and AGIL significant difference only G3 compared to G1 and G2. While for FLEX, best G1 significant levels of flexibility compared to G2 and G3. And the FPM was also significantly higher in G1 compared to G2 and G3. Older women practicing strength training in the gym have demonstrated better physical fitness than elderly women exercisers in squares institutionalized and sedentary elderly women living in nursing homes.(AU)

Comparison of percentage body fat and body mass index for the prediction of inflammatory and atherogenic lipid risk profiles in elderly women.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical classification of the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) for the prediction of inflammatory and atherogenic lipid profile risk in older women. METHOD: Cross-sectional analytical study with 277 elderly women from a local community in the Federal District, Brazil. PBF and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The investigated inflammatory parameters were interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the elderly women were classified as normal weight, 50% overweight, and 25% obese by the BMI. The obese group had higher levels of triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins than did the normal weight group (P≤0.05) and lower levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) than did the overweight group (P≤0.05). According to the PBF, 49% of the elderly women were classified as eutrophic, 28% overweight, and 23% obese. In the binomial logistic regression analyses including age, FFM, and lipid profile, only FFM (odds ratio [OR]=0.809, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.739-0.886; P<0.0005) proved to be a predictor of reaching the eutrophic state by the BMI. When the cutoff points of PBF were used for the classification, FFM (OR=0.903, CI=0.884-0.965; P=0.003) and the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (OR=0.113, CI=0.023-0.546; P=0.007) proved to be predictors of reaching the eutrophic state. CONCLUSION: Accurate identification of obesity, systemic inflammation, and atherogenic lipid profile is key to assessing the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Classification based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measures, along with biochemical and inflammatory parameters, seems to have a great clinical importance, since it allows the lipid profile eutrophic distinction in elderly overweight women.

Comparação da força muscular entre mulheres de meia idade com e sem sobrepeso/obesidade / Comparison of muscle strenght between middle-aged women with and without overweight/obesity

A obesidade é atualmente um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Apesar de a redução da força muscular estar fortemente associada à doenças cardiovasculares, poucos estudos analisaram a força muscular relativa em mulheres com e sem sobrepeso e obesidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a força muscular absoluta e relativa de mulheres de meia idade com e sem sobrepeso e obesidade, além de correlacionar a força muscular relativa com o índice de massa corporal (IMC), com a circunferência da cintura (CC) e com a razão cintura-estatura (RCE). A hipótese inicial era de que mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade apresentariam menores valores de força muscular relativa. Foram avaliadas 20 mulheres obesas (36,7 ± 7,9 anos; 33,4 ± 2,4 kg/m2), 46 sobrepesadas (34,8 ± 7,8 anos; 27,7 ± 1,2 kg/m2) e 53 eutróficas (33,2 ± 9,3anos; 22,3 ± 1,7 kg/m2). A classificação de sobrepeso (IMC > 25 < 29,9 kg/m2) e obesidade (IMC > 30 kg/m2) foi definida de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde. A força muscular relativa [força absoluta (kg)/massa corporal (kg)] foi mensurada por meio do teste de preensão manual. A força muscular relativa foi respectivamente menor nas mulheres com obesidade e sobrepeso quando comparado as mulheres eutróficas (0,35 ± 0,05 vs 0,42 ± 0,06 vs 0,48 ± 0,08; P=0,001). Houve uma relação negativa do IMC (r=-0,60; P=0,001), CC (r=-0,45; P=0,001) e RCE (r=-0,41; P=0,001) com a forca muscular relativa. A redução da força muscular relativa é um aspecto característico de mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade.

Obesity is currently one of the major public health problems in developed and developing countries. Although the decrease in muscle strength is highly associated with cardiovascular diseases, few studies analyzed the relative muscle strength in women with and without overweight and obesity. The present study aimed to compare absolute and relative muscle strength of middle-aged women with and without overweight and obesity, as well as, to correlate relative muscle strength with body mass index (BMI), waits circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHR). The initial hypothesis was that overweight and obese women would present lower values of relative muscle strength. Twenty obese (36.7 ± 7.9 years; 33.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2), 46 overweight (34.8 ± 7.8 years; 27.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2) and 53 eutrophic women (33.2 ± 9.3 years; 22.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were evaluated. The cut-off point for overweight (IMC > 25 < 29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (IMC > 30 kg/m2) was defined according to the World Health Organization. Relative muscle strength [absolute strength (kg)/body mass (kg)] was measured by the handgrip test. Relative muscle strength was lower for women with obesity and overweight as compared with eutrophic women (0.35 ± 0.05 vs 0.42 ± 0.06 vs 0.48 ± 0.08; P=0.001), respectively. There was a negative correlation of BMI (r=-0.60; P=0.001), WC (r=-0.45; P=0.001) and RCE (r=-0.41; P=0.001) with relative muscle strength. The reduction of relative muscle strength is a characteristic aspect of women with overweight and obesity.

Decreased functional capacity and muscle strength in elderly women with metabolic syndrome.

PURPOSE: To compare the metabolic parameters, flexibility, muscle strength, functional capacity, and lower limb muscle power of elderly women with and without the metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 28 older women divided into two groups: with the MetS (n = 14; 67.3 ± 5.5 years; 67.5 ± 16.7 kg; 1.45 ± 0.35 m; 28.0 ± 7.6 kg/m(2)), and without the MetS (n = 14; 68.7 ± 5.3 years; 58.2 ± 9.9 kg; 1.55 ± 0.10 m; 24.3 ± 3.8 kg/m(2)). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and dynamic muscle strength was assessed by one-maximum repetition (1RM) tests in leg press, bench press and biceps curl exercises. Six-minute walk test, Timed Up and Go (TUG); 30-second sitting-rising; arm curl using a 2-kg dumbbell, sit-and-reach (flexibility), and vertical jump tests were performed. RESULTS: There was no difference between groups regarding age (P = 0.49), height (P = 0.46), body fat (%) (P = 0.19), systolic (P = 0.64), diastolic (P = 0.41) and mean blood pressure (P = 0.86), 30-second sitting-rising (P = 0.57), 30-s arm curl (P = 0.73), leg press 1RM (P = 0.51), bench press 1RM (P = 0.77), and biceps curl 1RM (P = 0.85). However, women without the MetS presented lower body mass (P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.0001), waist circumference (P = 0.02), waist-to-height ratio (P = 0.02), fat body mass (kg) (P = 0.05), lean body mass (kg) (P = 0.02), blood glucose (P = 0.05), triglycerides (P = 0.03), Z-score for the MetS (P = 0.05), higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.002), better performance on TUG (P = 0.01), flexibility (P = 0.03), six-minute walk test (P = 0.04), vertical jump (P = 0.05) and relative muscle strength for leg press (P = 0.03), bench press (P = 0.04) and biceps curl (P = 0.002) exercises as compared to women with the MetS. CONCLUSION: Elderly women with the MetS have higher metabolic risk profile and lower functional capacity, muscle strength, lower limb power and flexibility as compared to women without the MetS. The evaluation of functional capacity may help to determine the degree of physical decline in older persons with the MetS, while exercise interventions should be encouraged.

Interleukin-6 -174G/C gene polymorphism affects muscle damage response to acute eccentric resistance exercise in elderly obese women.

The IL-6 gene polymorphism has been associated with disease prevalence and different physiological responses to exercise. Eccentric resistance exercise (ERE) is considered a nonpharmacological tool to prevent the chronic degenerative profile associated with aging and obesity. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism on acute interleukin-6 (IL-6) and creatine kinase (CK) temporal response to ERE in elderly obese women. Ninety women completed seven sets of ten repetitions (eccentric only) of an acute ERE session at 110% of the ten repetitions maximum (10RM). IL-6 genotypes displayed no difference at baseline. ERE induced changes in CK concentration over time occurred only in the GG group, F(2.619, 136.173)=5.199, p=0.003, with CK activity increased from 106.8±6.9 U/l pre-intervention to 122.7±11.2 U/l at 24 h and 131.9±14.4 U/l at 48 h post-exercise. IL-6 concentration in the GG group was lower than the CC/CG group only at 0 h post-exercise (3.78±0.58 pg/ml versus 6.51±1.91 pg/ml, p=0.030). Only the GG genotype group had higher CK activity 24-48 h following ERE and greater CK integral values, while IL-6 activity over 48 h was higher in the CC/CG genotype group. In conclusion, IL-6 genotype affects CK and IL-6 in response to ERE. It is of interest that the ERE protocol induced an elevation in CK, indicating possible muscle damage without exacerbating IL-6 and CK for the GG genotype.

Elderly women with metabolic syndrome present higher cardiovascular risk and lower relative muscle strength.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the metabolic, anthropometric, arterial blood pressure, and muscle strength parameters of elderly women with and without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A case-control study with 27 (67.3 ± 4.8 years of age, 31.0 ± 5.0 kg/m²) elderly women with metabolic syndrome and 33 (68.8 ± 5.6 years of age, 27.2 ± 5.3 kg/m²) sedentary control elderly women. They were submitted to an evaluation of body composition by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength testing with 10 maximal repetitions of knee extension. RESULTS: When compared to the elderly women without metabolic syndrome, those with the metabolic syndrome had higher levels for body mass (72.2 ± 13.5 versus 63.4 ± 14.6 kg, p = 0.03), body mass index (31.0 ± 5.0 versus 27.2 ± 5.3 kg/m2, p = 0.007), fat mass (30.9 ± 9.9 versus 24.4 ± 8.5 kg, p = 0.01), systolic arterial pressure (125.1 ± 8.2 versus 119.3 ± 8.7 mmHg, p = 0.01), diastolic arterial pressure (75.5 ± 6.9 versus 71.4 ± 6.7 mmHg, p = 0.03), mean arterial pressure (92.5 ± 6.2 versus 87.1 ± 6.7 mmHg, p = 0.004), blood glucose (103.8 ± 19.1 versus 91.1 ± 5.9 mg/dL, p = 0.001), triglycerides (187.1 ± 70.2 versus 116.3 ± 36.7 mg/dL, p = 0.001), and creatine kinase (122.6 ± 58.6 versus 89.8 ± 32.5 U/L, p = 0.01); lower levels were found for fat-free mass (55.9 ± 5.8 versus 59.3 ± 6.7%; p = 0.05), HDL-C (40.7 ± 5.0 versus 50.5 ± 10.1 mg/dL, p = 0.001), and relative muscle strength (0.53 ± 0.14 versus 0.62 ± 0.12, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Elderly women with metabolic syndrome have a higher cardiovascular risk and less relative muscle strength when compared to those without metabolic syndrome. Relative muscle strength may be related to the cardiovascularr risk factors of the metabolic syndrome.

Idosas com síndrome metabólica apresentam maior risco cardiovascular e menor força muscular relativa / Elderly women with metabolic syndrome present higher cardiovascular risk and lower relative muscle strength

OBJECTIVE: To compare the metabolic, anthropometric, arterial blood pressure, and muscle strength parameters of elderly women with and without metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A case-control study with 27 (67.3±4.8 years of age, 31.0±5.0kg/m²) elderly women with metabolic syndrome and 33 (68.8±5.6 years of age, 27.2±5.3kg/m²) sedentary control elderly women. They were submitted to an evaluation of body composition by means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle strength testing with 10 maximal repetitions of knee extension. RESULTS: When compared to the elderly women without metabolic syndrome, those with the metabolic syndrome had higher levels for body mass (72.2±13.5 versus 63.4±14.6kg, p=0.03), body mass index (31.0±5.0 versus 27.2±5.3kg/m2, p=0.007), fat mass (30.9±9.9 versus 24.4±8.5kg, p=0.01), systolic arterial pressure (125.1±8.2 versus 119.3±8.7mmHg, p=0.01), diastolic arterial pressure (75.5±6.9 versus 71.4±6.7mmHg, p=0.03), mean arterial pressure (92.5±6.2 versus 87.1±6.7mmHg, p=0.004), blood glucose (103.8±19.1 versus 91.1±5.9mg/dL, p=0.001), triglycerides (187.1±70.2 versus 116.3±36.7mg/dL, p=0.001), and creatine kinase (122.6±58.6 versus 89.8±32.5U/L, p=0.01); lower levels were found for fat-free mass (55.9±5.8 versus 59.3±6.7%; p=0.05), HDL-C (40.7±5.0 versus 50.5±10.1mg/dL, p=0.001), and relative muscle strength (0.53±0.14 versus 0.62±0.12, p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Elderly women with metabolic syndrome have a higher cardiovascular risk and less relative muscle strength when compared to those without metabolic syndrome. Relative muscle strength may be related to the cardiovascularr risk factors of the metabolic syndrome.

OBJETIVO: Comparar os parâmetros metabólicos, antropométricos, pressão arterial e força muscular de mulheres idosas com síndrome metabólica e sem síndrome metabólica. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle com 27 (67,3±4,8 anos 31,0±5,0kg/m²) idosas com síndrome metabólica e 33 (68,8±5,6 anos 27,2±5,3kg/m²) idosas controle sedentárias. As idosas foram submetidas à avaliação de composição por meio da absorciometria de raio X de dupla energia e teste de força muscular de 10 repetições máximas na extensão de joelhos. RESULTADOS: Quando comparadas às idosas sem síndrome metabólica, as idosas com síndrome metabólica apresentaram índices maiores para: massa corporal (72,2±13,5 x 63,4±14,6kg; p=0,03), índice de massa corporal (31,0±5,0 x 27,2±5,3kg/m²; p=0,007), massa gorda (30,9±9,9 x 24,4±8, 5kg; p=0,01), pressão arterial sistólica (125,1±8,2 x 119,3±8,7mmHg; p=0,01), pressão arterial diastólica (75,5±6,9 x 71,4±6,7mmHg; p=0,03), pressão arterial média (92,5±6,2 x 87,1±6,7mmHg; p=0,004), glicemia (103,8±19,1 x 91,1±5,9mg/dL; p=0,001), triglicerídeos (187,1±70,2 x 116,3±36,7mg/dL; p=0,001) e creatina quinase (122,6±58,6 x 89,8±32,5 U/L; p=0,01); foram menores: massa livre de gordura (55,9±5,8 x 59,3±6,7 %; p=0,05); HDL-C (40,7±5,0 x 50,5±10,1mg/dL p=0,001) e força muscular relativa (0,53±0,14 x 0,62±0,12; p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Idosas com síndrome metabólica apresentam maior risco cardiovascular e menor força muscular relativa, quando comparadas às idosas sem síndrome metabólica. A força muscular relativa pode estar relacionada aos fatores de risco cardiovascular da síndrome metabólica.

Effects of eight weeks of resistance training on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in overweight /obese women - "A Pilot Study".

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) on anthropometric, cardiovascular and biochemical risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and neuromuscular variables on overweight/obese women. METHODS: Fourteen middle-aged (33.9 ± 8.6 years) overweight/obese women (body mass index - BMI 29.6 ± 4.1 kg/m2) underwent 24 sessions (3 times/week) of a whole body RT program with 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions maximum (RM). The following variables were evaluated: maximum strength on chest press and frontal lat pull-down; isometric hand-grip strength; biceps brachii (BB) and rectus femoris (RF) muscle thickness, body mass; BMI; body adiposity index (BAI); waist, hip and neck circumferences; visceral fat volume; blood glucose; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); insulin; HDL-C and triglycerides. RESULTS: There was an increase of chest press (from 52.9 ± 9.7 to 59.8 ± 7.7 kg; P = 0.02) and front lat pull-down (from 51.5 ± 7.5 to 57.6 ± 9.2 kg; P = 0.01) muscle strength, isometric handgrip (P = 0.02) and RF muscle thickness (from 42.2 ± 8.5 to 45.1 ± 7.3 mm; P = 0.02) after the 8 week RT program. There were no statistically significant alterations on plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin, triglycerides, HDL-C, anthropometric indexes and BB muscle thickness (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A RT program without caloric restriction promotes an increase on muscle thickness and strength, with no effects on risk factors of MetS in overweight/obese women.

Relationship between Aerobic Capacity and Yo-Yo IR1 Performance in Brazilian Professional Futsal Players.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between aerobic and intermittent capacities in a team of professional futsal players. METHODS: FIFTEEN FUTSAL PLAYERS FROM BRAZILIAN FIRST DIVISION (AGE: 25.9±5.1 yrs; height: 1.77±0.04 m, body mass: 74.37±6.02 kg) performed in random order a ramp test and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) at the start of the season for determination of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), peak running speed (Speak), and intermittent running ability. RESULTS: Mean VO2max was of 57.25±6.35 ml·kg(-1)min(-1) with a Speak of 17.69±1.88 km·h(-1). Yo-Yo IR1 performance was of 1,226±282 m. There was no correlation between VO2max and Yo-Yo performance while Speak and Yo-Yo IR1 performance were correlated (r=0.641; P=0.007). CONCLUSION: From the current results, it may be suggested that both continuous and intermittent physical evaluations are necessary for obtaining a complete fitness profile of futsal players. The low Yo-Yo IR1 performance of Brazilian futsal players when compared to other elite team sport athletes warrants further investigation.

Relação da circunferência do pescoço com a força muscular relativa e os fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres sedentárias / Relation of neck circumference and relative muscle strength and cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary women

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a relação da circunferência do pescoço com a força muscular relativa e os fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres sedentárias. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado com 60 mulheres pré-menopausadas (33,9±9,1 anos; 67,4±13,6kg; 1,57±0,06cm e 27,2±5,3kg/m²). Com base no valor da circunferência do pescoço, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: Grupo Circunferência <35cm (n=27) e Grupo Circunferência >35cm (n=33), para efeito de comparação da força muscular relativa e dos fatores de risco cardiovascular. A correlação entre as variáveis foi testada por meio da correlação de Pearson e de Spearman; o nível de significância foi estabelecido em p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstram que as mulheres com circunferência do pescoço >35cm apresentaram maiores valores de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, índice de adiposidade corporal, índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial sistólica, glicemia, hemoglobina glicada e volume de gordura visceral, quando comparadas ao grupo com circunferência do pescoço <35cm. Adicionalmente, o grupo com maior circunferência do pescoço apresentou menores valores de força relativa. CONCLUSÃO: A circunferência do pescoço parece ser um importante fator de predição de risco cardiovascular e perda de força relativa em mulheres sedentárias de meia idade.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the relation of neck circumference and relative muscle strength and cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 60 premenopausal women (33.9±9.1 years; 67.4±13.6kg; 1.57±0.6cm and 27.2±5.3kg/m²). Based on the neck circumference, the sample was divided into two groups: Group Circumference <35cm (n=27) and Group Circumference >35cm (n=33) to compare relative muscle strength and cardiovascular risk factors. The correlation between variables was tested by Pearson and Spearman correlations, with a significance level established at p<0.05. RESULTS: The findings revealed that women with neck circumference >35cm presented higher values of body mass, waist circumference, body adiposity index, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and volume of visceral fat when compared with the group with neck circumference <35cm. Additionally, the group with larger neck circumference presented lower values of relative strength. CONCLUSION: Neck circumference seems to be an important predictive factor of cardiovascular risk and of relative strength loss in middle-aged sedentary women.

Relation of neck circumference and relative muscle strength and cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary women.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the relation of neck circumference and relative muscle strength and cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 60 premenopausal women (33.9±9.1 years; 67.4±13.6kg; 1.57±0.6cm and 27.2±5.3kg/m²). Based on the neck circumference, the sample was divided into two groups: Group Circumference <35cm (n=27) and Group Circumference >35cm (n=33) to compare relative muscle strength and cardiovascular risk factors. The correlation between variables was tested by Pearson and Spearman correlations, with a significance level established at p<0.05. RESULTS: The findings revealed that women with neck circumference >35cm presented higher values of body mass, waist circumference, body adiposity index, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and volume of visceral fat when compared with the group with neck circumference <35cm. Additionally, the group with larger neck circumference presented lower values of relative strength. CONCLUSION: Neck circumference seems to be an important predictive factor of cardiovascular risk and of relative strength loss in middle-aged sedentary women.